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No. 395,152. Patented Deo. 25, 1888.

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GARBURBTOR.. No. 395,152. Patented Dec. 25, 1888,.

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ROBERT S. LAIVRENOE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO CHARLES II. M. BROSNAN, OF SOUTH KENSINGTON, ENGLAND.

CARBU RETO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 395,152, dated December 25, 1888.

Application filed March 3, 1887. Serial No. 229,651. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be 1t known that I, ROBERT S. LAWRENCE,

`a citizen of the United States of America, re-

y and a layer of non-heat-conducting and filtering material the bottom wall, in which chamber the gas bet'ore it leaves the machine is freed of any excess of carbon which it may have taken up, thus avoiding smoke at the burners and condensation ot" the gas in the service-pil'ies.

The invention consists, also, in the combination, with the condensation-chamber, of a subdistributi11g-pipe located therein, and a branch inlet-pipe connected with the subdistributing-pipe for the direct introduction to the chamber ot' gas or air to .be carbureted, whereby I am enabled to dispense with detached qualiliers, equalizers, or mixers, and to produce either an illummating-gas capable of use with the largest burner without smoke, or a lower-grade smokeless gas suitable t'or heating purposes.

The invention consists, also, in improved mechanism for operating the valve, whereby v I avoid an opening in the top of the reservoir for the valve-siem, thus preventing siphoning of the vapor over into the tioat-rod tube and thence into the generator, and enabling me to supply any number of machines from a principal supply-t ank located at a convenient distance i'rom the machines.

The invention consists, also, in certain details of construction and con'ibinations of parts, which will lirst be described in connection with the accompanying` drawings and then clearly pointed out in the claims.

Figure l ot' the drawings is a central verticalsection of my machine, certain parts, however, being shown in elevation. Fig. 2 is `a front elevation of the machine, showing the main-inlet, branch-inlet, and outlet pipes and the by-pass. Fig. 3 is a plan View, as seen from the under side of the gathering and sub- 5 5 distributing pipes. Fig. 4E is a like view of the distributing-pipe, Fig. 5 is a perspective viewof one of the pans. Fig. (3 is a perspective view of the short pipe for connect-ing the square pipes with the round ones. Fig. 7 is 6o a perspective view of the trestle for supporting the pipes and pans.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the generator, made of copper or other suitable material. The generator, as well as the distributing -pans hereinafter described, is packed with any suitable absorbent material-as short-cut coarse excelsior. On top ot' the generator is mounted a reservoir, B, of the same superiicial arca as the generator for 7o containing hydrocarbon oil. The bottom of the reservoir is made heavier than its other parts, so as not to yield under the weight of oil. Oil is let into the reservoir through one of two stop-cocks, Z), on top, t-he other cock serving as a vent for the gas, which may be conducted back into the supply-tank by any suitable connection, each cock being provided with a short pipe, b', having a screw-cap, b2, at its outer end, which maybe removed when 8o it is desired to attach the connections. In the top of the reservoir I form a screwthreaded opening, o, large enough to admit a mans arm, for a purpose hereinafter stated, this opening being closed by a screw-plug, p.

C represents a chamber on top ol? the reservoir, which is to be lilled with water, for sealing the stop-cocks l) and also the opening o, in order to prevent the escape of gas, the chamber being provided with a hinged lid, c. 9o

D represents a tube about tive inches in diameter, extending centrally of the machine from a short distance above the reservoir (where it is provided with a screw-cap, 61,) to near the bottom of the generator, its lower end being screw-threaded :for the reception of a nut, df, to which are secured legs d2, serving as a support tor the tube, as shown in Fig. l. This tube is designed to serve as a central support for the pans, and also as a housing Ioo for a portion of the valve-operating mechanism.

E represents the float rod tube, which is about one-half inch in diameter, and which is secured by solder to the inn er side of the central pipe, D.

F represents an air-tight copper oat surrounded by a wire screen, f. To the float is connected one end of a rod, f', which passes up through tube E, the other end of said rod being connected to one end of alever, f2, pivoted in the inner side of tube D, near its top. To the other end of lever f2 there is connected one end of a right-angularly-bent rod, g, which passes through a slot, cl3, in tube D. The outer end of the rod g is screw-threaded interiorly for the reception of one end of a rigid wire stem, g', screw-threaded at each end, which stem passes through a longitudinallyperforated valve-seat plug, b3, screwed into the bottom of the reservoir, the diameter of the perforation in the plug being' about three times the diameter of the stem. To the upper end of this stem is secured a conical cork valve, G, the face of which neatly fits the valve-seat in the plug. By this construction of the valve-operating mechanism I avoid perforating the top of the reservoir for the passage of the valve-stem, such a perforation being objectionable from the fact that the va` por would siphon over into the iioat-rod tube and thence into the generator. As the oil cannot siphon, I am enabled to iill the reservoirs of any number of machines from a principal supply-tank located at a distance from the machines. Furthermore, by this construction I am enabled to remove the valve through opening' o in the top of the reservoir and withdraw its operating-rod g through the slot in the tube E.

Il represents a series of square pans, about two and ahalf inches in height and of the full size of the interior of the generator, to the sides of which they are firmly riveted and soldered. Near one end of each pan the bottom is cut out, as at h, and alongside this opening there is a dam, h', of a height somewhat less than that of the walls of the pan. The pans are perforated centrally, as at h2, to permit them to be slid down on the tube D, to which they are firmly soldered and by which they are centrally supported. A wire-gauze cover, 7a3. extends from the top of the dam in each pan to the side to confine the packing in position. The pans are so arranged in 4the generator that the opening in one will be opposite the opening in the next, as seen in Fig. l. upper pan, while serving as a distributingpan, has other and very important functions. It is filled with any suitable filtering and nonheat-conducting material, preferably charcoal. This pan thus filled serves as the lower wall of a condensation chamber, I, (the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained,) its upper wall being the bottom of the reservoir. The pan is covered by a wire-gauze screen, h4, to keep its contents in place.

J represents the distributing-pipe located immediately beneath the lower pan and sup- The' portedin position by trestles t, of the forni shown' in Fig. 7, resting on the bottom of the generator. The bottom of the pipe is perforated, the perforations increasing in size or number in each direction from the inlet, so as to equalize as nearly as possible the distribution of the air or gas, it being' understood that the pressure in the pipe gradually decreases from the inlet inward as the air or gas reaches each successive perforation. The perforations being in the bottom of the pipe insures a free escape of all precipitation. In order to secure this pipe, which is square, to the inlet-pipe, which is round, I make use of a short connection, K, one end of which is square, and the other end round and screw-threaded, as seen in Fig. G. The square end of the connection fits into the end of the distributingpipe, and is soldered therein, and the other end screws into the inlet-pipe.

L represents a distributing-plate located in the condensation-Chamber, it being secured to the sides of the generator. This plate is of sufficient thickness to give it rigidity, and is perforated throughout its entire surface for the purpose of breaking the volume of ascending gas into a great number of small currents, and thus distributing it evenly to the upper portion of the chamber, in which are located the gathering and sub-distributing pipes nonr to be described.

M is the gathering-pipe vlocated close up against the bottom of the reservoir, and supported in this position by trestles t like those supporting the distributing-pipe resting on the plate L. rlhis pipe is square and its bottom is perforated, the perforations being' evenly disposed over its entire surface. It is connected with the outlet-pipe in the same manner as the distributing-pipe is connected with the inlet-pipe.

Immediately under the gathering-pipe and supported in the same manner is located the subdistributing-pipe N, also square, whichA is connected with the main inlet pipe by a branch inlet-pipe, N', the connection being made as before described. Its purpose is to distribute air or gas directly into the condensation-chamber, it being perforated in the same manner as pipe J.

It may be here remarked that the pans are supported by trestles in the same manner as the distributing, gathering, and subdistributing-pipes, the trestles supporting one pan resting on the bottom of the one below, as seen in Fig. l.

O represents the main inlet-pipe extending down along the outside of the generator to near its bottom, where it joins onto the distributing-pipe, the connection K extending through the side of the generator for this purpose.

P represents the outlet-pipe, which is con-- IOO IIO

nected with vthe gathering-pipe by the connection K, the latter, like that on the distributing pipe, extending through the side of the generator for a like purpose.

Q represents a by-pass, a short pipe connecting the inlet and outlet pipes.

The main inlet-pipe is provided with a stopcock, l, the branch inlet-pipe with a cock, 2, the outlet-pipe with a cock, 3, and the bypass with a cock, 4f.

The reservoir being filled with hydrocarbon oil the oil will tlow through the valveseat plug and into the upper pan, where it will be freed of its impurities by the filtering material. ihen this pan is iilled to overflowing, the oil will flow over the dam 7L. in a thin sheet and through opening 7L into the packing below, thoroughly saturating it, and finally into the n eXt pan, and so on until the oil reaches the bot-tom oi the generator. IVhen a sufficient quantity of oil has accumulated in the bottom of t-he generator to raise the float, the latter will be moved upward, thus raising one end of lever f2 and lowering the other, and thereby pulling valve G down into its seat and shutting oft the supply ot oil. When there has been sufficient evaporation of the oil to allow the float to descend, the

valve will again open and admit a fresh supply. The air or gas to be carbureted is admitted under pressure, through inlet-pipe O, to the distributing-pipe J, and `is forced therefrom, through the perforations, into the interior ot' the generator, and, owing to therfact that these perforations at points distant from the extreme end ot' the pipe are larger or more numerous than those in that vicinity, where the pressure is greater, a comparatively even distribution of the air or is obtained. On leaving the distributing-pipe the air or gas permeates the packing in the bottom portion of the generator, and then, rising, passes through the opening 7L in the bottom pan, It then again spreads out into the packin above and moves directly across the generator to the opening in the next pan, and so on until it reaches the upper pan, when it passes through the opening and spreads out over the under side ot' the distributing plate and passes through the perforations, being thus directed to all parts of the condensatioli-chamber, trom which it makes its exit through the gathering and outlet pipes. The upper pan bein filled with a non-conductor of hea-t, and the bottoni ot' the reservoir being covered with oil, it will be apparent to persons familiar with the malnit'acture ot gas from a volatile oil that the chamber bet en the upper pan and the reservoir will always be at a very low and uniform temperature while the machine is in operation, this temperature being induced, primarily, by the vapor from the oil flowing rapidly through the chamber, and, secondarily, by the walls of' the chamber excludin the higher temperature in the other portions of the machine. As a matter of course, the distributi11g-plate located in this chamber will be very cold, and therefore when the gas comes into contact with it it (the gas) is instantly chilled, which causes it to part with any excess oi carbon which it may have taken up, the eliminated carbon being condensed and deposited upon the plate in the form of oil, which drops back into the generator.

Ie will suppose that I am carbureting the ordinary city gas and wish to use burners oi' the largest size and avoid all. danger of smoke at the tips. I have simply to partially close cock l and partially open cock 2 and admit aquantity oi' gas direct to the condensationchamber. This results .in the production of a gas containing less carbon than if the whole volume had passed through the generator, without in the least diminishing its luminosity, although somewhat at the expense of economy.

Now supposing I am carbureting air for illuminating purposes and desire to produce a gas suitable to the particular burners I am using', (for dilierent styles and sizes ot' burners are suitable only for different grades ot' gas,) instead oi' adjusting the burners to suit the gas, I raise or lower the grade otl the gas to suit the burners. For instance, if I am passing' the whole volume of air through the generator and iind the gas too rich for the burners, I lower the grade by admitting the proper quantity ot' air through the branch inlet-pipe direct to the coi1densation-chamber. During the day, when it is desirable to produce gas tor heating purposes only, I pass a comparatively small quantity ot' air through the generator and supply the required additional quantity through the branch inlet-pipe.

By the various manilmlations of which my machine is susceptible I am enabled to produce a smokeless flame ranging in luminosity from si \v to titty candles.

Having thus t'ully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a carburetor, the combination ot' the generator provided with a series of distributii'ig-pans arranged transversely therein, the upper pan having a layer oii' charcoal, and the oil-reservoir located on top of the generator, whereby a condei1sation-chamber is formed between the oil-reservoir and the layer of charcoal, all constructed as described, and tor the purposes set ii'orth.

In a carburetor, the combination, with the generator provided `with a series of distributing-pans arranged transversely therein, the upper pan having a layer of charcoal, andthe oil-reservoir located on top ot the generator, whereby a condensation-chamber is formed between the oil-reservoir and the layer of ch arcoal, of the main inlet-pipe provided with a stop-cock, a subdistributing-pipe located in the condensation-chamber, and a branch inlet-pipe provided with a cock connecting said main inlet and subdistriluiting-pipes, 'for the purposes stated.

Ina carburetor, the combination, with the generator provided with a series of distributing-pans arranged transversely therein, the upper pan having a layer of charcoal, and the oil-reservoir located on top of the generator,

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whereby a condensation-Chamber is formed 4between the oil-reservoir and the layer of charcoal, of the gathering-pipe located in said chamber, and a perforated distributing-plate also located in said chamber and beneath said pipe, for the purposes set forth.

4L. In a carburetor, the combination, with the slotted central supporting-tube, a lever pivoted therein, the iioat-rod tube inside the supporting-tube, a iioat-rod inside the float-rod tube, a float to which one end of the rod is attached, the other end being' connected to one arm of the lever, and a right-anglllarly-bent rod, one end of which is vconnected to the le- Ver, the other end passing through the slot in the supporting-tube, of a conical Valve, a valve-seat plug secured in the bottom of the reservoir, and a valve-stem, one end of Which is seeured to the angular rod and the other end of which passes up through the valve-seat plug and bears the Valve, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in prcsenee of two witnesses.

ROBERT S. LAVRENCE Titnessesz NV. H. MYERS, G. W. BALLooH.

` Itis herebv eertied that the name of the assignee in Letters Patent No. 395,152,

l granted December 25, 1888, upon the application of Robert S. Lawrence, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for an improvement in Carlmretors,7 Was erroneously Written and printed Charles H. M. Brosnan, Whereas said name should have been Written and printed Charles H. M. Bosman; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the ease in the Patent Office.

Signed, counter-signed, and sealed this 29th day of January, A. D. 1889.

' D. L. HAWKINS,

Assistant Seeretmy of the Interim.

[SEAL] Countersi gned BENTON J. HALL,

Commissioner of Patents. 

